a. Developed late 1800's by Verneuil for growing rubies
b. Method
1) Powdered ingredients dropped through high
temperature. flame onto a rotating pedestal.
2) Pedestal slowly lowered to allow cooling and
crystallization.
3) Forms a boule (carrot-shaped mass) up to
nine inches in length and 1-2 inches in diameter.
4) Takes hours to days.
c. Characteristic inclusions
1) Gas bubbles.
2) Curved striae.
3) Curved color banding, color zones.
4) Unmelted powder.
d. Materials synthesized (inexpensive)
1) Synthetic corundum (star, nonphenomenal
varieties).
2) Synthetic rutile.
3) Synthetic spinel.
4) Strontium titanate.
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