A. ¿ë¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ (Terms) |
- Synthetic:
man-made material with essentially the same physical, chemical and optical
properties as a natural gem (i.e., man-made duplicate).
- Simulant :
a material that imitates the appearance of a gem without duplicating its
properties (glass, plastic, etc.).
- Imitation :
marketed as gem look-alikes.
- Substitute :
marketed as gem look-alikes.
- Artificial :
any gem material made by man.
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- ÇÕ¼º :
¹°¸®Àû, ÈÇÐÀû ±×¸®°í ±¤ÇÐÀû ¼ºÁúµéÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ º¸¼®°ú ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °°Àº ÀÎÁ¶¹°Áú
(Áï, ÀÎÁ¶ÀÇ º¹Á¦¹°)
- À¯»ç :
±× ¼ºÁúÀº º¹Á¦ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼ º¸¼®ÀÇ ¸ð½À¸¸À» ¸ðÁ¶ÇÑ ¹°Áú (À¯¸®, Ç÷¡½ºÆ½,
µîµî)
- ¸ðÁ¶ :
À¯»çÇÑ º¸¼®À¸·Î °Å·¡µÇ´Â °Í
- ´ëü :
À¯»çÇÑ º¸¼®À¸·Î °Å·¡µÇ´Â °Í
- ÀÎÁ¶ :
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¸µç ¾î¶² º¸¼® ¹°Áú
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º¸¼®
´ë¿ëÇ°º° ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í |
1)
ÇÕ¼º °¿Á (Synthetic Corundum) 2)
ÇÕ¼º ÷Á¤¼® (Synthetic Spinel) 3)
ÇÕ¼º ´ÙÀ̾î¸Õµå (Synthetic Diamond) 4)
ÇÕ¼º Ãë¿Á (Synthetic Emerald) 5)
ÇÕ¼º ´Ü¹é¼®, »êÈ£, û±Ý¼®, ¿Á, ÅÍÅ°¼®°ú ¼®¿µ 6)
ÇÕ¼º ±Ý·Ï¼® (Synthetic Alexandrite) 7)
À¯¸® (Glass) 8)
Å¥ºò ÀúÄÚ´Ï¾Æ (Cubic Zirconia) 9)
¸ðÀ̻糪ÀÌÆ®(Moissanite), ¾ß±×(YAG), GGG¿Í ½ºÆ®·ÐƼ¿ò ŸÀÌÆ®³×ÀÌÆ® (Strontium Titanite |
B. ÇÕ¼º °øÁ¤°ú
Á¦Ç° (Synthetic
Processes and Products) : »ó¼¼
¹× °ü·Ã ±×¸² ¢Ñ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÇØ´ç Ç׸ñ ¼±Åà |
1.
Flame Fusion or
Verneuil (È¿° ¿ëÀ¶ ¶Ç´Â
Verneuil)
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- Developed late 1800's by Verneuil for growing rubies
- Materials synthesized (inexpensive)
or imitated : Synthetic corundum (star, nonphenomenal
varieties), synthetic rutile, synthetic spinel, strontium titanate, garnet ,
alexandrite, kunzite, topaz, zircon, tourmaline
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- 1800³â´ë ÈÄ¹Ý È«¿Á¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Verneuil°¡ °³¹ß
- ÇÕ¼º ¶Ç´Â ¸ðÁ¶µÇ´Â ¹°Áúµé (ºñ½ÎÁö ¾ÊÀ½)
: ÇÕ¼º°¿Á (¼ºÃ¤¿Í ºñÇö»óÀû(ÞªúÞßÚîÜ)ÀÎ
Á¾·ùµé), ÇÕ¼º ±ÝÈ«¼®, ÇÕ¼º ÷Á¤¼®, ½ºÆ®·ÐƼ¿ò ŸÀÌÆ®³×ÀÌÆ®, ¼®·ù¼®, ±Ý·Ï¼®,
ÄïÀÚÀÌÆ®, Ȳ¿Á, dz½ÅÀÚ¼®, Àü±â¼®
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- Attempts in late 1800's with commercial development successful in
late 1930's and early 1940's.
- Materials Synthesized (expensive) or imitated : Synthetic corundum,
Synthetic emerald, Synthetic alexandrite,
YAG, spinel, garnet, GGG (gadolinium-gallium garnet),
EGG (europium-gallium garnet), SGG (samarium-gallium garnet),
YIG (yttrium-iron garnet), tanzanite
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- 1800´ë ÈĹݿ¡ ½ÃµµµÇ¾î 1930³â´ë ÈĹݰú 1940³â´ë Ãʹݿ¡ »ó¾÷ÀûÀ¸·Î
°³¹ß¼º°ø
- ÇÕ¼º ¶Ç´Â ¸ðÁ¶µÇ´Â ¹°Áúµé (ºñ½Ó) : ÇÕ¼º °¿Á, ÇÕ¼º Ãë¿Á, ÇÕ¼º ¾Ë·ºÀéµå¶óÀÌÆ®,
¾ß±×, ÷Á¤¼®, ¼®·ù¼®, GGG (gadolinium-gallium garnet),
EGG (europium-gallium garnet), SGG (samarium-gallium garnet),
YIG (yttrium-iron garnet), ÅÄÀú³ªÀÌÆ®
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3.
Czochralski or Pulling Method (Czochralski ¶Ç´Â ÀÎÃâ¹æ¹ý)
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- Developed in 1918 by Czochralski
- Materials synthesized (inexpensive) or imitated :
Forsterite, tanzanite, alexandrite (chrysoberyl),
ruby, padparadscha, diamond, sapphire
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- 1918³â Czochralski°¡ °³¹ß
- ÇÕ¼º ¶Ç´Â ¸ðÁ¶µÇ´Â ¹°Áúµé (ºñ½ÎÁö ¾ÊÀ½)
: °¨¶÷¼®, ÅÄÀú³ªÀÌÆ®, ±Ý·Ï¼®, È«¿Á, ÆеåÆÛ·¯µåÂ÷,
´ÙÀ̾î¸Õµå, û¿Á
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4. Hydrothermal (¿¼ö(æðâ©))
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- First successful hydrothermal emerald in
1960
- Materials synthesized (expensive) or imitated
: Synthetic quartz, synthetic emerald,
synthetic ruby, red beryl, aquamarine, sapphire,
padparadscha, zincite, amethyst, ametrine, citrine,
Madeira quartz, smoky quartz
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- 1960³â ¿¼ö Ãë¿ÁÀ» óÀ½À¸·Î ¼º°ø
- ÇÕ¼º ¶Ç´Â ¸ðÁ¶µÇ´Â ¹°Áúµé (ºñ½Ó)
: ÇÕ¼º ¼®¿µ, ÇÕ¼º Ãë¿Á, ÇÕ¼º È«¿Á, ·¹µå º£·²,
³²¿Á, û¿Á, ÆеåÆÛ·¯µåÂ÷, È«¾Æ¿¬¼®, ÀÚ¼öÁ¤,
ÀÚȲ¼öÁ¤, Ȳ¼öÁ¤, Madeira ¼®¿µ, ¿¬¼öÁ¤
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5.
Skull melt (also hydrothermal) (½ºÄà ¿ëÇØ (¶ÇÇÑ ¿¼ö))
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- Early 1970's in USSR producing synthetic
cubic zirconia (CZ)
- Material synthesized : Synthetic cubic
zirconia (CZ);
- Imitated : peridot, heliodor, topaz,
citrine, aquamarine, sapphire, Swiss topaz,
emerald, Chrysolite, tanzanite, turquoise
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- 1970³â´ë ÃÊ ¼Ò·Ã¿¡¼ ÇÕ¼º Å¥ºò
ÀúÄڴϾÆ(CZ) »ý»ê
- ÇÕ¼ºµÇ´Â ¹°Áú : ÇÕ¼º Å¥ºò
ÀúÄڴϾÆ(CZ)
- ¸ðÁ¶µÇ´Â ¹°Áú : °¨¶÷¼®, Ç︮¿À´õ, Ȳ¿Á,
Ȳ¼öÁ¤, ³²¿Á, û¿Á, ½ºÀ§½º Ȳ¿Á, Ãë¿Á, ±Í°¨¶÷¼®,
ÅÄÀú³ªÀÌÆ®, ÅÍÅ°¼®
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6.
Synthetic opal (ÇÕ¼º ´Ü¹é¼®)
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- Materials made
: Synthetic turquoise, imitation lapis
lazuli, imitation coral
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- ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¹°Áú
: ÇÕ¼º ÅÍÅ°¼®, ¸ðÁ¶ û±Ý¼®, ¸ðÁ¶ »êÈ£
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7.
Ceramic technique (¼·¡¹Í ±â¹ý)
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- Materials made : Synthetic turquoise, imitation lapis
lazuli, Imitation coral
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- ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¹°Áú : ÇÕ¼º ÅÍÅ°¼®, ¸ðÁ¶ û±Ý¼®,
¸ðÁ¶ »êÈ£
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8.
Floating Point Method
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- Materials made
: Synthetic turquoise, imitation lapis
lazuli, Imitation coral
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- ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¹°Áú
: ÇÕ¼º ÅÍÅ°¼®, ¸ðÁ¶ û±Ý¼®, ¸ðÁ¶ »êÈ£
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9.
±âŸ (´ÙÀ̾î¸Õµå Á¦Á¶)
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C. ´ÙÀ̾î¸Õµå¿Í À¯»çÀÇ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Æ¯¼º
(Distinctive Characteristics of Diamonds and Simulant) |
D. À¯»çµéÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀΠƯ¼ºµé (General Characteristics of
Simulants) |
E. À¯»çµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í (Description of Simulants) |
F. ÇÕ¼º µ¹µé (Assembled Stones) |
1. Doublets
a. Two pieces of gem material fused together by
heat (garnet and glass doublets).
b. Two pieces of gem material cemented together
with a colorless cement (opal doublet).
2. Triplets
a. Two pieces of gem material cemented together
with a colored cement (imparts color to the stone).
b. Three pieces of gem material cemented
together with a colorless cement (opal triplet). |
1. ÀÌÁß ºÙÀÓµ¹µé
a. µÎ °³ÀÇ º¸¼®Àç·á¸¦ ¿¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÇÔ²² ³ì¿©
ºÙÀÓ (¼®·ù¼®°ú À¯¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÁß ºÙÀÓµ¹µé)
b. µÎ °³ÀÇ º¸¼®Àç·á¸¦ ¹«»öÀÇ Á¢ÇÕÀç·Î ÇÔ²²
Á¢ÇÕÇÔ (´Ü¹é¼® ÀÌÁß ºÙÀÓµ¹)
2. »ïÁß ºÙÀÓµ¹µé
a. µÎ °³ÀÇ º¸¼®Àç·á¸¦ (µ¹¿¡ »öÀ» ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Â)
À¯»öÀÇ Á¢ÇÕÀç·Î ÇÔ²² Á¢ÇÕÇÔ
b. ¼¼ °³ÀÇ º¸¼®Àç·á¸¦ ¹«»öÀÇ Á¢ÇÕÀç·Î ÇÔ²²
Á¢ÇÕÇÔ (´Ü¹é¼® »ïÁß ºÙÀÓµ¹) |
¼Õ½¬¿î º¸¼® ÆǺ°
(Gem Identification Made Easy) >>>
ÇÕ¼º Çüŵé(Synthetic types) |
¼Õ½¬¿î º¸¼® ÆǺ°
(Gem Identification Made Easy) >>>
À¯»çµé°ú ¸ðÁ¶ ¿ø¼®µé (Simulants and imitation gemstones) |
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