a. Lack of read-through effect
1) Characteristic of various diamond simulants
2) Only used with round brilliant cut stones
a) When placed
table-down on paper
b) Read print on paper
through table facet
b. Natural - part of the original crystal surface seen on or near the
girdle
c. Trigons on a natural = triangular etch marks are growth marks on the
original crystal face.
d. Grain lines:
1) Internal graining seen on the surface in
reflected light.
2) Caused by growth irregularities such as
twinning.
e. Monochromatic flash
1) Synthetic cubic zirconia (CZ) generally
exhibits an orange flash over most of its pavilion surface.
2) Diamond may exhibit blue or orange colors in
its pavilion, but in most cases these colors extend only across one or two
facets.
3) Caused by higher dispersion of diamond
simulants.
f. Relationship of specific gravity to size.
1) Diamond has much lower specific gravity than most
diamond simulants.
2) Measuring specific gravity.
a) Heft (rough estimate)
b) Heavy liquids (estimate)
c) Hydrostatic balance
(exact)
3) Specific gravity (SG) can be related to a
gemstone's size.
a) Higher the SG, the smaller
the stone is per carat and vice versa.
b) Diamond with a lower SG
than most simulants will be
smaller(??) per carat than simulants.
g. Immersion reflection patterns.
1) Specific gravity liquids causes different
reflection patterns when diamond simulant is immersed.
2) Best with stones cut as round brilliants.
h. Fluorescence
1) Diamond generally fluoresces stronger under
long wave (LW) than short wave (SW) ultraviolet (UV) light.
2) Most simulants fluoresce stronger under SW.
i. Thermal conductivity
1) Thermal test.
2) Measures change in gemstone's surface temperature.
3) Diamond has highest thermal conductivity for any
gem.
4) Nearly infallible. |
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