ڷ>>>>>> 9. ÿ ( )

ABC ü

ü

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U-V-W-X-Y-Z

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U-V-W-X-Y-Z

S

Sagenite

Ʈ
(ȫ, )

(, quartz) (ܨ). Ȯ ִ ħ() (inclusion) ϴ . 迭 Ģ , (, cat's eye), Ȥ ä(star) Ÿ ɼ , 쿡 (, phenomenon) Ÿ Ī ȴ.


Լ(), ⼮ ()

2. Ư >>> 24. Rutile  37. Rock crystal   45. Quartz with inclusions
 

Saponite

Ʈ

Scotland, Ontario, Michigan Ǵ μ, ä , , û, ̴. 񴩸 ǹϴ Latin sapo ̸ Ͽ.
 

Sapphire

û()
(̾)

(˼, corundum)߿, Ϲ (ȫ, ruby)̿ Ų. Ϲ û(sapphire) ϸ û, Ű, ٸ ҽ ̾(fancy sapphire) ϰ θ, û(orange sapphire, padparadscha), Ȳû(yellow sapphire) ٿ θ 찡 .

  • : Ư .
  • Ī, , и, ǥ : ٿ, Ceylon Ƿû(Ceylon sapphire) Ҹ 찡 ִ.
  • : sapphirus(Latin)=>sappheiros(׸). Ķ ǹѴ. ٸ, 뿡  ûݼ(lapis lazuli) , û  ݿ ̿Ǿ.
  • ó : ó(, heat treatment)(Ϲ), ó(ߤկ, diffusion treatment)
  • ź : 9
  • 缮, ؾ : û ռ û ӵ(doublet). ռû(synthetic sapphire)
  • ռ : . ǰ ִ ռ κ ȭ(flame fusion) Ѵ. ̿ܿ (pulling), (hydrothermal), (flux) ִ.
  • : Australia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, ̱, Myanmar, Tanzania
  • Ÿ : Pakistan   ε Cashmere û û 򰡸 , ä ̷ ʰ, ä ӹ ִ. ̷ 鿡 ſ äǾ û ֵ δ ̴.

ȫ(rutile) ħ() (inclusion). ̿ ִ ٴõ 60 ϴµ, (garnet) 110x70ʹ ٸ. õ û ǥ. ٸ, Ϻ ռ ä ϴ ħ Ȯ ˻ Ƿ ǰ ʿϴ(Sri Lanka).

ä(, asterism)
äû(star sapphire)
K ̾(deep red sapphire)               äû

2. Ư >>> 54. Sapphire
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)

Sapphire quartz

̾
(û , )

Blue quartz ϴµ, û (chalcedony) ٸ ̸̴.

2. Ư >>> Chalcedony
 

Sapphire spinel

̾dz
(÷, )

÷(spinel)
2. Ư >>> 16. Spinel
 

Sapphire/ synthetic ruby doublet

û/ռ ȫ ӵ

(crown) κп õ û(green sapphire), ۺ(pavilion) κп Verneuil(Ǵ ȭ ) ռȫ(synthetic ruby) ̿ ռ (~, assembled stone). Ʒ ϸ, ü () Ÿ. κκκ Ǵ õ Ư¡ ڸ ̷ ̴.

κ , ۺ κ , ̸ (shallow-deep) Ϲ̴.

7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
3. ս Ǻ >>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets)
 

Sapphire/ synthetic sapphire doublet

û/ռ û ӵ

(crown) κп õ û(green sapphire), ۺ(pavilion) κп Verneuil(Ǵ ȭ ) ռû(synthetic sapphire) ̿ ռ (~, assembled stone). κκκ Ǵ õ Ư¡ ڸ ̷ ̴.

κ , ۺ κ , ̸ (shallow-deep) Ϲ̴.

7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
3. ս Ǻ >>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets)
 

Sapphirine

̾

û (chalcedony), û (rock crystal), û ÷(spinel) ĪѴ.
 

Sard

ڸ(إ)
()

ȫ(, carnelian) õ ݱͼ(, semi-precious stone)̴. Ѷ (, seal) θ Ǿ (ʾ, intaglio) (ʾ) Ǿ. Lydia Sardis ̸ ٿ. Sardius 濡 ޵Ǿ Ƹ (jasper) ĪϿ ̴.

2. Ư >>> 48. Sard

Sarduin

ΰ (chalcedony). ڿ Ͽ .
 

Sardonyx


(ٴн)

- ڸ(sard) ()  ȣ(إ, onyx) ȸ, Ǵ - ̷ ݱͼ̴. Sardonyx (quartz) ·, 簢(ʾ, cameo) (, seal) Ͽ ϰ ȴ.

2. Ư >>> 48. Sardonyx
 

Satin spar

()
(ƾ )

(, gypsum)
2. Ư >>> 115. Gypsum
 

Scapolite

ּ()
(ijƮ)

2. Ư >>> 23. Scapolite

 

Scheelite

ȸ߼()
(϶Ʈ)

2. Ư >>>  21. Scheelite

 

Schorl


(⼮, Ѩ)

⼮(tourmaline)
2. Ư >>> 72. Schorl
 

Scorzalite

Ʈ
(λ꿰 , ߫ ڪ)

λ꿰 , Ư μ 50 Ǿ. Scorzalite õ(, lazulite) Բ ü(ͳ) ̷.

  • : ܻ
  • ȭ : (Fe, Mg) Al2(PO4)2(OH)2
  • : 1.629-1.660
  • 浵 : 5.5-6
  • : 3.24
  • : û û
  • : Brazil , Scorza ̸ ٿ.
  • ֿ : Brazil
     

Sea glass

۷
(ٴ, ~)

ġ ۷(ؾ, )

 

Seed pearl

()
( ۾)

2mm ̸̰ ԰ 1/4 ׷(grain) Ʒ ۰ ձ (pearl)̴. Victoriaô /⿡ ߾µ, ֵ (horsehair)  (design)Ͽ ٸ (accent) ִ Ͽ.

2. Ư >>> 130. Pearl

Seftonite

䳪Ʈ
(, )

(٥, translucent), ̳ (chalcedony), South Africa North America ߰ߵȴ.

2. Ư >>> Chalcedony

Selenite

()
(Ʈ)












ε巴, ణ ̴. (, gypsum) (ܨ).

  • : selene(׸). ̶ .

2. Ư >>> 115. Gypsum

Sepiolite

ǿöƮ
(, )

ε ϸ . , ȫ Ǵ Ȳ, ַ (pipe) Ӹ ȴ.

2. Ư >>> 98. Merrshaum

 

Serpentine

繮(ڣ)
(ƾ)

̴; Ʈ(bowenite) Ʈ(williamsite) 繮 ִ. Ʈ Ǵ (jade) ( ) ̴.

  • : ƾ ܰ Ǻ(snake skin) ұ . Serpent̶ (Ư ) ǹ. Serpentine " "̶ .
  • ɼ ִ ó :
  • ź :
  • 缮, ؾ : (chalcedony)
  • ռ :
  • ֿ  : ѱ

2. Ư >>> 111. Serpentine

Shattuckite

īƮ

  • :  :
  • ȭ : Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2
  • : 1.752-1.815
    ġ 1.75 , Ҽ ؼ, 1.54 ɼ ִ.
  • 浵 : 3.5-4
  • : 3.80
    Ҽ ؼ, 2.53 ִ.
  • : 浵 , ϰ Ͽ ȵȴ. ۼ(malachite) ȥԵ 찡 Ƿ, (acid) Ѵ.
  • : ߰ߵ ̱ Arizona Shattuck ִ .
  • ź :
  • 缮, ؾ :
    ÷ŰƮ(plancheite), ûݼ(lapis lazuli), (azurite)
  • Ǵ ռ :
  • ֿ : ̱ Arizona(Bisbee, Shattuck), Congo Shaba
  • Ÿ : , Africa ߰ߵǴ , ÷ŰƮ(plancheite) ִ.

, ûݼ(lapis lazuli) ϴ Ư¡. δ ۼ(malachite) ȴ.

Shell

а()
()

а ̿ǰ ִ. 簢(ʾ, cameo), , ؼ () (, nucleus) , 뵵 پϴ.

Helmet shell 簢(ʾ, cameo)

Helmet shell ̰ (x25). ұĢ Ư¡.


2. Ư >>> 133. shell
 

Shell cameo

а簢(ʾ)
( ij̿)

а(shell) 簢(ʾ, cameo). 簢 ϱ Ͽ, cameo shell ξ ٿ, shell cameo θ 찡 ִ.

Helmet shell 簢(ʾ, cameo)

2. Ư >>> 133. shell
 

Sherry topaz

θ
(Ȳ, )

Ȳ(, topaz)
2. Ư >>> 78. Topaz

 

Siberite

̺Ʈ
(û ⼮, Ѩ)
 

⼮(Ѩ, tourmaline)
2. Ư >>> 68. Indicolite

Siderite

ôƮ
(, )

û (quartz). , лδ ö̳ ö Ѵ.

Sillimanite

Լ (Ш)
(ǸӳƮ)

ȸ, Ǵ ȸ (٥, translucent) (mineral)̴. Լ (, kyanite), ȫּ(, andalusite) ȭ ((, kyanite), ȫּ(, andalusite)ʹ ̻(, polymorph)̴). Լ µ ߿ ϴ( µ (ceramic), ũ ÷(spark plug) ȴ). Լ 1977 324 , ̱ Delaware ¡̴. (ܨ, metamorphic rock) ߰ߵȴ.

2. Ư >>> 80. Andalusite  83. Sillimanite  126. Kyanite
 

Silver

()
(ǹ)

Ǵ ̷ () ݼ̴. ۿ ٸ ݼӵ(Ϲ ) ձ ȴ. ⿡ Ǹ ǥ鿡 ȭ(silver oxide) Ǹ鼭 ȴ.  ƺαٿ ȴ.

2. Ư >>> 2. Silver
 

Silver 800

800 (~)
(ǹ 800)

(, fineness) 800 , (silver) 800/1000(Ǵ 80%) ׸ 200/1000(Ǵ 20%) ̴. 800(silver) (, casting) ȴ.
 

Silver lip

鿱(())
(ǹ )

и pinctada maxima̴. ̸ (ٽ, mother of pearl). κ ƿ ϴ ̸(), ؼ(ߧ) ָ(ٽ)μ ̴ִ. ڸ () ǹ (silver lip)̶ θ, Ȳ (gold lip)̶ θ. ڴ Australia Ѵ. ڴ Myanmar, the Philippines , ̸ ũ () а ȴ.

 

鿱 Ŵ
  濱((), black lip)
  2. Ư >>> 133. shell 


 

Silver lipped cultured pearl


(())
(ǹ ó ۾)

鿱((), silver lip)κ (). 10 mm̻. Australia, Indonesia ĵǰ ִ.

(ټ, imitation pearl)
õ(, natural pearl)
2. Ư >>> 130. Pearl
 

Simulated opal

ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ)
(ùƼ )

ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ, imitation opal)

Sinhalite

Ʈ

1952 (peridot) ˷, ο (mineral) ˰ Ǿ. (peridot), ݷϼ(chrysoberyl) dzڼ(zircon) ȥ ִ.

  • :
    Sinhala(Sanskrit). Sri Lanka . Ʈ Sri Lanka ̶ .
  • : Sri Lanka, Myanmar

2. Ư >>> 89. Sinhalite
 

Sinople

ó
(, )

Sinopal, ö (inclusion) ϰ ִ (rock crystal)ε, Sinope濡 DZ ̸̴.

2. Ư >>> 37. Rock crystal
 

Slocum stone glass

۷
( ܹ鼮, ټ ӱ)

(glass) ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ, imitation opal). ̱ John Slocum ߵǾ. ܹ鼮(opal) Ϲ, ܹ鼮(black opal), ߽ĭ ܹ鼮(Mexican opal) ͵ ִ. ۷ (cellophane) ʸ(film) ټ  ־ Ȯ ִ.

ܹ鼮(water opal) .

, (cellophane) Ȯ ִ(þ ).


ռ (~, assembled stone)
2. Ư >>> 127. Opal
 

Smaragdite

׶Ʈ

켶(). ⼮(, actinolite) () Ѵ. , (emerald), ũο(fuchsite) ̷ θ⵵ Ѵ.
 

Smithsonite

ɾƿ()
(̽ҳƮ)

2. Ư >>> 64. Smithsonite

 

Smoky quartz

()
(Ű )

ڿ (quartz) ̴.

2. Ư >>> Brown Quartz
 

Smoky topaz

Ȳ()
(Ű )

Ȳ(topaz). ׷ κ (smoky quartz) ̷ θ ִ.

2. Ư >>> 78. Topaz
 

Snowflake obsidian

 ö õ
(  伮, ~)

Flowering obsidian(  伮)̶ ϴµ, (snowflake) , Ϲ £ ( Ǵ ) ȭ(volcanic glass=>伮(, obsidian)̴.

2. Ư >>> 128. Obsidian

Soapstone

񴰵

Steatite(, )̶ ϴµ, , Ǵ ȸ ִ ̼(ڰأ, fine-grain) (ܨ, metamorphic rock)̴.  ⸧(greasy) (soap) ϰ ־ ̸ ٿ. ߰ߵȴ. κ Ǿ Ծ Դµ, Ի(figurine), (bead), (seal), ׸, (pipe), ⱸ, ȴ. ȭδ κ Ȱ(talc)(hydrated magnesium silicate (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)) ̷ ִ. 浵 1-1.5 ( ε巯 鿡 ִ)̸ 2.2-2.8̴.
 

Sodalite

޼(۰ӹ)
(Ҵ޶Ʈ)

, ȸ, ȫ Ǵ (streak)
£ û (mineral)̴. ûݼ(lapis lazuli) ̴. Ϲ ǰ ִµ, ûݼ(lapis lazuli) ϰ ϴ ִ . ̶ λ , ִ.

޼κ ִ (inclusion) 弮(, feldspathoid)̴.

2. Ư >>> 18. Sodalite

Spanish pearl

λ (~ߧ )
(дϽ ۾)
 

ī ۾(Majorca pearl, )

Spanish topaz

дϽ
(, )

Orange topaz Ѵ. (, smoky quartz) Ͽ ΰ Ȳ .

2. Ư >>> Brown Quartz
 

Specular hematite

ŧ ŸƮ
(ö, )

ö(, hematite)
2. Ư >>> 66. Hematite
 

Spectrolite

ƮѶƮ
(ȸ弮, )

Finland ȸ弮(, labradorite)(弮(), plagioclase feldspar) ٸ ̸̴. , Ϲ , û, Ǵ ¦̴ (iridescence) (flash) - 弮 ( , labradorescence) - dz ȸ (mineral)̴. (٥, translucent)̴. Spectrolite ¦̴ ε巯 ϱ Ͽ Ϲ ϰ ȴ. ȸ弮(, labradorite)߿, 弮 ( , labradorescence) ϰ Ÿ ͸ "ƮѶƮ" Ī ȴ. 弮 ( , labradorescence) Ʈ(spectrum) Ÿ(û ) 쿡 Ī ̿ϴ ѵ, δ Ȯ Ǿ ̿ǰ ִ 찡 ǻ̴.


ȸ弮 綳







2. Ư >>> 121. Labradorite

Spessartine garnet

(~״)
(縣ƾ )

縣ŸƮ(spessartite) ϴ ( ) (״, garnet)̴. (crystal) (٥, translucent)̴.

2. Ư >>> 6. Spessartine
 

Sphalerite

ƿ()
(ӷƮ)

Zinc blende .

2. Ư >>> 15. Sphalerite
 

Sphene


(ʼ, )

 ŸϳƮ(titanite) ϴ , Ȳ, , Ǵ (sphene̶ ⸦ ϴ ׸̴) ȴ. ε巴 Ǵ 幰. (, streak) Ѵ.













2. Ư >>> 101. Titanite
 

Spinel

÷ ()
(dz)

ȸü (octahedral crystal) ̷ ܴ ݱͼ(, semi-precious stone)̴. ÷ ׸ Ȳ ִµ, ȫ(ruby) Ҵ. ÷ 弮(, feldspar) (, species) Ѵ.

  • : 1.718 (û, ο . ִ 1.735)
  • : 3.60 (и ̵̾(methylene iodide) ɴ´)
  • : Ư .
  • , :
    Almandine spinel  : ֺ
    Balas ruby  : ÷
    Chlorspinel  :
    Flame spinel  : ÷
    Gahnospinel  : û
    Rose spinel  : , ֻ ÷
    Pleonaste  : ÷. ÷ óƮ(hercynite) ߰ .
    Rubicelle  :
    Sapphire spinel  : û
  • : Ȯ , ϴ. Spina(Latin). ó . ϹǷ. Ȥ spark() ǹϴ ׸ Ѵ. ̳ () Ѵ.
  • ó :
  • ź :
  • 缮, ؾ : ռ ÷, ռ ÷ ߺӵ(synthetic spinel triplet).
  • ռ : . ȭ(flame fusion) ̿ . (flux) , û.
  •  : Myanmar (Ư ÷), Sri Lanka, Thailand
  • Ÿ : () ÷ (spinel twin)(̾յ ڸ, ̸ macle(Ŭ) Ϲ̴. ̰ ̸, ϰ ÷ ̴.

÷κ Ǵ ȸü (x60  : Ͻþ )

Mogok ÷




Cobalt spinel
û ÷ ö (), 幰 cobalt ϴ 찡 ִ. ̰ ڿƮ dz(cobalt spinel)̶ θ, αⰡ ִ.

÷ (spinel group)
2. Ư >>> 16. Spinel
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Spinel group

÷ ()
(dz ׷)

XY2O4 ϴ (cubic system) . ÷ شѴ. ÷(, spinel)迭(series), ö(, magnetite)迭, ũö(~, chromite)迭 , ϰ迭 ü(ͳ) ̷ ܼ 幰. , ÷(spinel) ƿ ÷(, gahnite) ü gahnospinel ҷ ϳ (, species)μ ٷ 쵵 .

Ϲ ÷ (Normal Spinel Structure)

÷(, spinel)迭

ö(, magnetite)迭

  • ŬƮ(franklinite)
    : ZnFe3O4
    New Jersey Ŭ ƿ .
    : 2.36

ũö(~, chromite)迭

  • ũö(chromite)
    : FeCr2O4
    : 2.08
  • ű״ϼũθƮ(magnesiochromite)
    : MgCr2O4

÷ (Inverse Spinel Structure, Ferrite ϰ)

ö(, magnetite)迭

  • ö()(magnetite)
    : Fe3O4
  • ű״ϼƮ(magnesioferrite)
    : MgFe2O4
  • ߻Ʈ(jacobsite)
    : MnFe2O4
  • ﺸdz(ulvospinel)
    : FeAl2O4
  • ƮƮ(trevorite)
    : NiFe2O4
    South Africa Transvaal .
     

Spinel twin

÷ ( )
(dz Ʈ)

Macle(Ŭ, ÷ )

Spodumene

ּ
()
 

2. Ư >>> 99. Spodumene

SS


 

SS (, sterling silver) .

Stalactite

()
(緢ŸƮ)

ȸ ӿ ƴ̳ 鿡 ȯϴ ϼ ۿ ؼ , õ忡 ִ ź꼮ȸ ħؼ ̴. , ̰ ٴڿ (stalagmite) Ѵ.
 

Star diopside

ä ּ()
(Ÿ ̿ɻ̵)

ּ(, diopside)
2. Ư >>>97. Diopside

Star garnet

ä (״)
(Ÿ )

ä(, asterism) Ÿ ٸյ(almandine, ͼ)̴. ٸյ £ (garnet)̴.

2. Ư >>> 7. Almandite

Starlite

ŸƮ
(dzڼ, )

û dzڼ(zircon) Ѵ.

2. Ư >>> 25. Zircon
 

Star of Africa

Ÿ ̾յ
 

ø ̾յ(Cullinan diamond)
 

Star of India

Ÿ ε
(û, )

Ŵ û ä û(, star sapphire), ԰ 563.35 ij(carat)̴. ij(cabochon) Ǿ. û(sapphire) Sri Lanka ߰ߵǾ(¥ ˷ ʴ). 屳 London , 1905濡 Albert Ramsay Ͽ. ̱ ڿ ڹ(American Museum of Natural History Ǿ ִ.

2. Ư >>> 54. Sapphire
 

Star of Sierra Leone

Ÿ ÿ
(̾յ)

1972 2, Sierr Leone Diminco꿡 ߰ߵ ̾յ(diamond)̴. ߰ Դ 968.90 ij(carat)̾. Harry Winston ߴ. ״ ̰ 17 ߴ; 13 (flaw) . ִ ִ 143.20 ij(carat)̾. ְ ģ  , ״ 53.96 ij(carat) ݿ(pear) 翬ϵ Ͽ.

2. Ư >>> 4. Diamond
 

Star of the South

Ÿ 콺
(̾յ)

South America ߰ߵ ִũ(254.5 carats) ̾յ(diamond)̴. 1853 Brazil Bagagem Diamond꿡 ߰ߵǾ. ̰ Amsterdam Costers 35,000$ ȷ 128.48 ij(carat) Ǿ. ̰ Paris Halphen & Associates Ͽ Star of the South Ͽ. Ÿ Ͽ, 1862⿡ Londonȸ ׸ 1867⿡ Paris ߴ. India Bombay Rustomjee Jamsetjee ڷ ˷ ִ. Estrela do Sul Diamond ׸ Star of Minas Diamond Ѵ.

2. Ư >>> 4. Diamond
 

Star quartz

ä ()
(Ÿ )

(quartz) ӿ ħ ԵǾ ִ Ѵ. ٱ ä û(star sapphire) Ƿ ä δ.

2. Ư >>>  45. Quartz with inclusions
 

Star ruby

äȫ()
(Ÿ )

ij(cabochon) ϸ, 6 ä(, asterism) Ÿ ȫ(ruby)̴. 迡 ū äȫ 2.475 ij(carat) ڶƮ(Rajaratna)̴. 迡 ū ߼ä(12 ä) ȫ 1,370 ij Neelanjali̴. ó κ äȫ ռ(, synthetic)̴.

2. Ư >>>  53. Ruby
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Star sapphire

ä û()
(Ÿ ̾)

ij(cabochon) ϸ, ݻϴ 6 ä(, asterism) Ÿ û(sapphire, ) Ų. ǿ äû(Linde star) 1947 Linde翡 ߴ. ó κ äû ռ(, synthetic)̴.

Smithsonian Institute ִ Sri Lanka û (Star of Bombay, 182 ij(carat))

2. Ư >>> 54. Sapphire
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Staurolite

ڼ()
(ѶƮ)

2. Ư >>> 93. Staurolite

 

Steatite

()
(ƼŸƮ) 

񴰵(soapstone)

 

Sterling

()
(Ż)

(, fineness) 925 , (silver) 925/1000(Ǵ 92.5%) ׸ 75/1000(Ǵ 7.5%) ̴ ( Ҽ 浵 Ѵ). () (, malleable) . Trifari ν(rhinestone) ִ ŵ(bow)̴.

2. Ư >>> 2. Silver

Strass

(()׹)
(Ʈ)

(gemstone) (ټ, imitation)ϱ Ͽ ݻ (glass)̴. ν(rhinestone) Rhine (quartz)̾. ϱ Ͽ Ǿ.

̸ ϼ , , 浵 .

Strawberry quartz

(~)
(Ʈκ )

ħö(goethite) (inclusion) ؼ, Ÿ (, quartz), Ʈκ ̶ ̸ Ǹŵǰ ִ. ϰ ̶ ιޱ .

2. Ư >>> 45. Quartz with inclusions

Strontium titanate

ƮƼ ŸƮƮ

̾յ(diamond) () . л(ߤ, dispersion) Ư¡, ̾յ庸 ϰ, ȴ.

strontium titanateκʹ . ߾κ ŧ(culet) ۺ(pavilion) нƮ(facet) ɼ κ.

7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Sugar bead

(Ψأ, granulated sugar) ձ۰ ̴ (bead)̴; ǥ ˵ (Ǵ ÷ƽ)̴. (glass) ȭ 20 ʿ Gablonz Ϻ . 

Sugilite

Ʈ

߰ £ ֻ(ȫ , ִ) ݱͼ(, semi-precious stone)̴. ν (luster) ִ Ϲ ϸ(׷ (٥, translucent) ִ) , ȫ (inclusion) ־ ġ ֻ Ű(turquoise) δ. Ϲ , нƮ(facet) ʴ´. ȭ(enhance) (, massive) ߰ߵȴ.

  • 浵  :  5.5-6.5
  •  : 2.75-2.80
  • ȭ  : Potassium Sodium Lithium Iron Manganese Aluminum Silicate; KNa2Li3(Fe, Mn, Al)2Si12O30
  •  : 1944 ߰ Ϻ Ken-ichi Sugi ̸ ٿ.
  •  : Ϻ Shikoku, Iwagi Island Canada, Quebec Mont Saint-Hilaire ׷ ִ뱤 northern South Africa ִ.
     

Sunstone

弮()
()

ȸ弮(, oligoclase) (ܨ)  彺(aventurine feldspar) Ѵ.

2. Ư >>> 120. Oligoclase
 

Swiss lapis

ǽ
(, ܡ)

ûݼ(lapis lazuli) ƴϴ. ûݼ (ܡ, jasper)̴.

2. Ư >>>  50. Jasper
 

Synthetic alexandrite

żƽ ˷Ʈ
(ռ ݷϼ, )

õ() ˷Ʈ(alexandrite)(ݷϼ, chrysoberyl) ⺻ ȭ , (̿). (flux), (pulling) . Ϲ ⱸ õ ˷Ʈ Ȯ ˻. (flux) (platinum) ϸ ϱ , ռ ߿ ()Ͽ, (, ﰢ ) Ǵ ħ() (inclusion)μ Ǵ 쵵 .

    Ʒ κ Ȯ . ռ ȿ ش. . õ Ư¡ ȭö(߫) 迡 , ǥ ϰ, ü ĺ Ư¡̴.

ħ() (Russia (flux) ռ ˷Ʈ/x60 (۰٥))

2. Ư >>> 79. Chrysoberyl
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Synthetic cubic zirconia

żƽ ť ڴϾ
(ռ ť ڴϾ, ~)

Cubic zirconia
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Synthetic diamond

ռ ̾յ( ~)
(żƽ ̾յ)

õ() ̾յ(diamond) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).

츮 Ƹ ʰ ̿Ͽ ֹ web contents ̴. (, quartz) (, chalcedony), Լ(Ш, quartzite)  Լ(Щ, silicon) ڿ, Ҽ ְ, ҷ ŴϾ(germanium) Ͽ( ) .

ü ϳ ̴. 迡 ־, , ǰ ռ ̾յ带 迡 ó , Ǹ Ϸ ˷ ִ. 뵵 ߸ ̷ ϰǰ ̴. ĭ ռ ̾յ̴. Ǵ ̳ ̼ڼ(ڰأ, grain line), ռ ̾յ ĺ Ư¡ ϳ̴. 𷡽ð ¶ ǥȴ. ̰ ǰ õ ̾յκʹ µ, ռ ̾յ忡 Ϲ (, crystal habit), Archimedes 14ü ϰ ִ.

2. Ư >>> 4. Diamond
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)

Synthetic emerald

ռ()
(żƽ ӷ)

õ() (emerald) ⺻ ȭ , (̿). (flux), (hydrothermal) . õ Ȯ ˻. ۿ () , , , ( ռ õ Ͽ ̼ϰ ٸ).

ȿ ִ (flux) (inclusion)
Chatham(̱ California) ռ.


2. Ư >>> 28. Emerald
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Synthetic malachite

ռۼ()
(żƽ ȷīƮ)

õ() ۼ(, malachite) ⺻ ȭ , (̿). Tyrus翡 ռ 弮 ǥ. õ иϰ ٸ, (Ԭ) Ÿ ִ.

2. Ư >>> 108. Malachite
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Synthetic moissanite

ռ ̻糪Ʈ
(~)

μ Ϲ ռ ̻糪Ʈ(moissanite), 1997 ̷, ̾յ(diamond) 缮(׾, simulant)μ 忡 ϰ ִ. Ư 1998 忡 ϰ ִ. , ߼(, center stone) 3 ij(carat) ռ ̻糪Ʈ ̿ (, side stone) õ ̾յ带 ̾յ μ Ե ִ. 1998 뿡 ߼ ռ ̻糪Ʈ, ̾յ ϴ 20 ̻ 濡 ƴ . ״ ߼ ռ ̻糪Ʈ ϸ鼭 Ǹϰ ־.

ռ Ư ߿, Ưؾ ſ (α)̸, ׽, ̸ ̾յ ׽ͷδ . Cree Research, ǸŴ ȸ C3(1999 , Charles & Colvard ȸ ) ǽϰ ִ.

ռ ̻糪Ʈ ִ, ̺ ħ .

7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)

Synthetic opal

ռ ܹ鼮(ӱ)
(żƽ )

õ() ܹ鼮(ӱ, opal) ⺻ ȭ , (). Kyocera, Gilson ֿ . õ Ȯ ˻簡 . Ǻ(snake skin), ֱ(ϰ) ǥϴ Ư¡ Ǹ ռ ܹ鼮̴. ̿ܿ, α(, phosphorescence) Ǹ õ ܹ鼮, õ ܹ鼮 α Ÿ ƴϴ.

ռ ܹ鼮 κ ֱ ִ(Kyocera ռ ܹ鼮).

Ǻθ ø ϴ snake skin.

ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ, imitation opal)
2. Ư >>> 127. Opal
3. ս Ǻ >>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets)
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Synthetic ruby

ռ ȫ()
(żƽ )

õ() ȫ(, ruby) ⺻ ȭ , (̿). ټ 󿡼 ϰ , 뷮 ȭ(flame fusion) ̴. ۿ (flux), (hydrothermal), (pulling) ִ.

1886 ȫ ϱ Ͽ ȭ(flame fusion process) ߸ Ҷ ȭ Auguste Verneuil ؼ ó . ȫ̾, ׷ ʾҴ. 1918 J. Czochralski ȫ (pulling method) ߸ߴ. 1959 , ڿ ̴, Carroll Chatham ռ ȫ ߸Ǿ. 1979 Kashan ռ ȫ ߴ.

ȭ ռ ȫ(Ͻþ )

2. Ư >>>  53. Ruby
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)

Synthetic rutile

ռ ȫ()
(żƽ ƿ)

̾յ(diamond) 缮(׾, simulant). ̾յ庸 л(ߤ, dispersion)( Ʈ) Ư¡̴. õ ȫ(rutile) , Դ ö(, hematite) ϰ ϴ ݼӼ (metallic color)  ϴ. нƮ(facet) ŭ ū ǰ ʴ.

  • :
  • ȭ : TiO2
  • : 2.616-2.903
  • 浵 : 6-6.5
  • : 4.26
  • : (pulling), ȭ(flame fusion)

̾յ ռ ȫ (, doubling) л(ߤ, dispersion).

л Ÿ ռ ȫ(3.55 ij(carat))

7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)

Synthetic sapphire

ռ û()
(żƽ ̾)

õ() û(, sapphire) ⺻ ȭ , (̿). ټ 󿡼 ϰ , 뷮 ȭ(flame fusion) ̴. ۿ (flux), (hydrothermal), (pulling) ִ.

ռ û (Ѩ, gas bubble)
2. Ư >>> 54. Sapphire
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)

 

ȭ(flame fusion) ռ û(þ ).

η (, color banding) ռ û̶ Ű ȴ. Ʒ Ǵ η (curved color banding) (melt) ռ ɼ ִ. õ û ʱ , ̰ Ǿ 쿡 ռ Ű ȴ. õ û Ϲ , Ȥ () ִ.ٸ, (solution) ռ õ 밡 ɼ , ϼ ܼ ִ. Ʒ Ȯ ΰ, Ʒ Կߴ. ̷ þ (bright field illumination)̶ θ.
 

Synthetic sapphire/ strontium titanate doublet

ռ û/ƮƼ ŸƮƮ ӵ

̾յ(diamond) 缮(׾, simulant). ƮƼ ŸƮƮ(strontium titanate) ϱ Ͽ, ο ռ û(synthetic sapphire) Ų (ռ (~), assembled stone)̴.

ռ Ϲ и Ÿ. ̿ ΰ ΰ ռ û(sapphire), Ϻΰ ƮƼ ŸƮƮ.

ӵ(doublet)
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
3. ս Ǻ >>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets)
 

Synthetic spinel/ strontium titanate doublet

ռ ÷/ƮƼ ŸƮƮ ӵ

̾յ(diamond) 缮(׾, simulant). ƮƼ ŸƮƮ(strontium titanate) ϱ Ͽ, ο ռ ÷ Ų (ռ (~), assembled stone)̴.

ռ Ϲ и Ÿ. ̿ ΰ ΰ ռ ÷(spinel), Ϻΰ ƮƼ ŸƮƮ.

ӵ(doublet)
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
3. ս Ǻ >>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets)
 

Synthetic stone

ռ()
(żƽ )

õ() ⺻ ȭ (ڪ).

7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

Synthetic turquoise

ռ Ű( ~)
(żƽ )

õ() Ű(turquoise) ⺻ ȭ , (̿). Gilsonǰ ϴ.

õ Ȯ ˻. Cream of wheat, breeding Ư¡ Ǵ ᰡ ȴ.

  • Cream of wheat
    ̱ Ϲ ħ Ļ, cereal(ø) κ ̸ ٿ. Ģ Ҹ(أ) þ Ÿ, ռ Ÿ ǥ̴. Tapioca(ǿī) ȿ Ѵ.
  • Breeding
    ռ Ű Ƽ(, matrix)(Ű ٰ~) װ Ѵ. ᰡ breeding̶ ǥϸ ռ Ÿ ǥ̴.
  • κ(undercutting)
    Ƽ Ű Ͽ ڶ. ׷Ƿ, ߿ Ƽκ ų, Ǵ ִ. , ǥ, Ƽκ ǫ ̰ ȴ. ̰ κ̶ Ѵ. ռ Ű Ƽ ϱ κ ʴ´.

ռ Ű Ÿ ǥ, cream of wheat. ణ û δ(x60).

2. Ư >>> 122. Turquoise
7. ռ (Synthetic & Simulant Gemstones)
 

S

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U-V-W-X-Y-Z

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U-V-W-X-Y-Z

  ڷ>>>>>> 9. ÿ ( )

ABC ü

ü

⵵ ֽ 538-7 | TEL: +82 (0)31 766 0862   | FAX: +82 (0)31 766 0863

Copyright 2002~2024 ũ (gemtec.co.kr) All Rights Reserved.