Sagenite |
Ʈ (ȫ, ) |
(,
quartz) (ܨ).
Ȯ ִ ħ() (inclusion) ϴ .
迭 Ģ , (,
cat's eye), Ȥ ä(star) Ÿ ɼ , 쿡 (,
phenomenon) Ÿ Ī
ȴ.
Լ(), ⼮
()
2.
Ư >>>
24.
Rutile 37.
Rock
crystal
45.
Quartz with
inclusions
|
Saponite
|
Ʈ
|
Scotland, Ontario, Michigan
Ǵ μ, ä , ,
û, ̴. ǹϴ
Latin sapo ̸ Ͽ.
|
Sapphire |
û() (̾) |
(˼,
corundum)߿, Ϲ (ȫ,
ruby)̿ Ų. Ϲ û(sapphire) ϸ û, Ű, ٸ
ҽ ̾(fancy sapphire)
ϰ θ, û(orange
sapphire, padparadscha), Ȳû(yellow
sapphire) ٿ θ 찡 .
-
: Ư .
- Ī, ,
и, ǥ : ٿ, Ceylon Ƿû(Ceylon
sapphire) Ҹ 찡 ִ.
- : sapphirus(Latin)=>sappheiros().
Ķ ǹѴ. ٸ, 뿡 ûݼ(lapis
lazuli) , û ݿ ̿Ǿ.
- ó : ó(,
heat treatment)(Ϲ), ó(ߤկ,
diffusion treatment)
- ź
: 9
- 缮, ؾ
: û ռ û
ӵ(doublet). ռû(synthetic
sapphire)
- ռ
: .
ǰ ִ ռ κ ȭ(flame
fusion) Ѵ. ̿ܿ (pulling),
(hydrothermal), (flux) ִ.
- : Australia,
Thailand, Sri Lanka, ̱, Myanmar,
Tanzania
- Ÿ : Pakistan ε Cashmere û
û , ä ̷ ʰ,
ä ӹ ִ. ̷ 鿡 ſ äǾ
û ֵ δ ̴.
ȫ(rutile) ħ() (inclusion).
̿ ִ ٴõ 60 ϴµ, (garnet) 110x70ʹ
ٸ. õ û ǥ. ٸ, Ϻ ռ ä ϴ ħ Ȯ ˻ Ƿ ǰ
ʿϴ(Sri Lanka).
ä(,
asterism) äû(star
sapphire) K ̾(deep red sapphire)
äû
2.
Ư >>>
54.
Sapphire 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Sapphire quartz |
̾ (û , ) |
Blue quartz ϴµ, û (chalcedony)
ٸ ̸̴.
2.
Ư >>>
Chalcedony |
Sapphire
spinel
|
̾dz (÷, ) |
÷(spinel) 2. Ư
>>> 16. Spinel |
Sapphire/ synthetic ruby doublet |
û/ռ ȫ ӵ |
(crown) κп õ
û(green sapphire), ۺ(pavilion) κп Verneuil(Ǵ
ȭ ) ռȫ(synthetic
ruby) ̿ ռ
(~,
assembled stone). Ʒ ϸ,
ü () Ÿ. κκκ Ǵ õ Ư¡ ڸ ̷
̴.
κ , ۺ κ , ̸
(shallow-deep) Ϲ̴.
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) 3. ս Ǻ
>>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets) |
Sapphire/ synthetic sapphire doublet |
û/ռ û ӵ |
(crown) κп õ
û(green sapphire), ۺ(pavilion) κп Verneuil(Ǵ
ȭ ) ռû(synthetic
sapphire) ̿ ռ (~,
assembled stone). κκκ Ǵ õ
Ư¡ ڸ ̷
̴.
κ , ۺ κ , ̸
(shallow-deep) Ϲ̴.
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) 3. ս Ǻ
>>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets) |
Sapphirine
|
̾
|
û (chalcedony),
û (rock
crystal), û ÷(spinel)
ĪѴ.
|
Sard |
ڸ(إ) () |
ȫ(,
carnelian) õ ݱͼ(,
semi-precious stone)̴.
Ѷ (,
seal) θ Ǿ (ʾ,
intaglio) (ʾ) Ǿ.
Lydia Sardis ̸
ٿ. Sardius 濡 Ǿ
Ƹ (jasper)
ĪϿ ̴.
2.
Ư >>> 48.
Sard
|
Sarduin
|
|
ΰ (chalcedony).
ڿ Ͽ .
|
Sardonyx |
(ٴн) |
- ڸ(sard) ()
ȣ(إ,
onyx) ȸ, Ǵ
- ̷ ݱͼ̴. Sardonyx
(quartz)
·, 簢(ʾ,
cameo) (,
seal) Ͽ ϰ ȴ.
2.
Ư >>> 48.
Sardonyx |
Satin
spar
|
|
(,
gypsum) 2. Ư
>>> 115. Gypsum |
Scapolite |
ּ() (ijƮ) |
2. Ư
>>> 23. Scapolite
|
Scheelite |
ȸ() (϶Ʈ) |
2. Ư
>>> 21.
Scheelite
|
Schorl
|
(⼮,
Ѩ)
|
⼮(tourmaline) 2.
Ư >>> 72.
Schorl |
Scorzalite |
Ʈ (λ꿰 , ߫ ڪ) |
λ꿰 , Ư μ
50 Ǿ. Scorzalite õ(,
lazulite) Բ ü(ͳ)
̷.
- : ܻ
- ȭ : (Fe, Mg) Al2(PO4)2(OH)2
- : 1.629-1.660
- 浵 : 5.5-6
- : 3.24
- : û û
- : Brazil , Scorza
̸ ٿ.
- ֿ : Brazil
|
Sea glass |
۷ (ٴ, ~)
|
ġ
۷(ؾ, )
|
Seed pearl |
() ( ۾) |
2mm ̸̰ 1/4 (grain)
Ʒ ۰ ձ (pearl)̴.
Victoriaô
/ ߾µ, ֵ
(horsehair) (design)Ͽ
ٸ (accent) ִ
Ͽ.
2.
Ư >>>
130.
Pearl |
Seftonite |
䳪Ʈ (, ) |
(٥,
translucent), ̳ (chalcedony),
South Africa North America ߰ߵȴ.
2.
Ư >>>
Chalcedony |
Selenite |
() (Ʈ) |
ε巴,
ణ ̴.
(,
gypsum) (ܨ).
2. Ư
>>> 115. Gypsum |
Sepiolite |
ǿöƮ (, ) |
ε ϸ . , ȫ Ǵ Ȳ, ַ
(pipe) Ӹ ȴ. 2. Ư
>>> 98. Merrshaum
|
Serpentine |
繮(ڣ) (ƾ) |
̴;
Ʈ(bowenite)
Ʈ(williamsite)
繮 ִ. Ʈ
Ǵ (jade)
( ) ̴.
- : ƾ ܰ Ǻ(snake
skin) ұ
. Serpent̶ (Ư
)
ǹ. Serpentine " "̶ .
- ɼ ִ ó
:
- ź :
- 缮, ؾ
: (chalcedony)
- ռ
:
- ֿ :
ѱ
2. Ư
>>> 111.
Serpentine |
Shattuckite |
īƮ |
-
: :
- ȭ
: Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2
- : 1.752-1.815
ġ 1.75 , Ҽ ؼ, 1.54 ɼ ִ.
- 浵 : 3.5-4
- : 3.80
Ҽ
ؼ, 2.53 ִ.
-
: 浵 , ϰ Ͽ
ȵȴ. ۼ(malachite) ȥԵ 찡 Ƿ, (acid) Ѵ.
- : ߰ߵ
̱ Arizona Shattuck ִ .
- ź :
- 缮, ؾ
:
÷ŰƮ(plancheite), ûݼ(lapis
lazuli), (azurite)
- Ǵ ռ
:
- ֿ :
̱
Arizona(Bisbee, Shattuck), Congo
Shaba
-
Ÿ : , Africa ߰ߵǴ , ÷ŰƮ(plancheite) ִ.
, ûݼ(lapis
lazuli) ϴ Ư¡.
δ ۼ(malachite)
ȴ. |
Shell |
а() () |
а ̿ǰ
ִ. 簢(ʾ,
cameo), , ؼ () (,
nucleus) , 뵵 پϴ.
Helmet
shell 簢(ʾ,
cameo)
Helmet shell ̰ (x25). ұĢ Ư¡.
2. Ư
>>> 133. shell |
Shell cameo
|
а簢(ʾ) ( ij̿) |
а(shell)
簢(ʾ,
cameo). 簢 ϱ Ͽ, cameo shell ξ ٿ, shell
cameo θ 찡 ִ.
Helmet
shell 簢(ʾ,
cameo)
2. Ư
>>> 133. shell |
Sherry topaz |
θ (Ȳ, ) |
Ȳ(, topaz)
2. Ư
>>> 78. Topaz
|
Siberite |
̺Ʈ (û ⼮, Ѩ) |
⼮(Ѩ,
tourmaline)
2. Ư
>>> 68. Indicolite |
Siderite
|
ôƮ (, )
|
û (quartz).
, лδ ö̳ ö
Ѵ.
|
Sillimanite |
Լ (Ш) (ǸӳƮ) |
ȸ, Ǵ ȸ
(٥,
translucent) (mineral)̴.
Լ (, kyanite), ȫּ(,
andalusite) ȭ ((, kyanite), ȫּ(,
andalusite)ʹ ̻(,
polymorph)̴). Լ µ
߿ ϴ( µ
(ceramic), ũ ÷(spark
plug) ȴ). Լ 1977 324
, ̱ Delaware ¡̴.
(ܨ,
metamorphic rock) ߰ߵȴ.
2.
Ư >>> 80.
Andalusite 83.
Sillimanite 126.
Kyanite |
Silver |
() (ǹ) |
Ǵ ̷ () ݼ̴.
ۿ ٸ ݼӵ(Ϲ
) ձ ȴ.
Ǹ ǥ鿡 ȭ(silver oxide)
Ǹ鼭 ȴ.
ƺαٿ ȴ.
2.
Ư >>> 2.
Silver |
Silver 800 |
800 (~) (ǹ 800) |
(,
fineness) 800 , (silver)
800/1000(Ǵ 80%) 200/1000(Ǵ
20%) ̴. 800(silver)
(,
casting) ȴ.
|
Silver
lip
|
鿱(()) (ǹ
)
|
и pinctada maxima̴.
̸ (ٽ,
mother of pearl).
κ ƿ ϴ ̸(), ؼ(ߧ) ָ(ٽ)μ ̴ִ.
ڸ () ǹ (silver lip)̶ θ, Ȳ
(gold lip)̶ θ. ڴ Australia Ѵ.
ڴ
Myanmar, the Philippines , ̸ ũ () а ȴ.
鿱
Ŵ 濱((),
black lip) 2. Ư
>>> 133. shell
|
Silver lipped cultured pearl |
鿱 (()) (ǹ
ó ۾) |
鿱((),
silver lip)κ ().
10 mm̻. Australia, Indonesia ĵǰ ִ.
(ټ,
imitation pearl) õ(,
natural pearl) 2.
Ư >>>
130.
Pearl |
Simulated opal
|
ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ) (ùƼ )
|
ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ, imitation opal) |
Sinhalite |
Ʈ |
1952 (peridot) ˷, ο (mineral) ˰ Ǿ. (peridot), ݷϼ(chrysoberyl) dzڼ(zircon) ȥ ִ.
- :
Sinhala(Sanskrit).
Sri Lanka . Ʈ
Sri Lanka ̶ .
- : Sri Lanka,
Myanmar
2. Ư
>>> 89. Sinhalite
|
Sinople
|
ó (, )
|
Sinopal, ö
(inclusion)
ϰ ִ (rock
crystal)ε, Sinope濡
DZ ̸̴.
2.
Ư >>> 37.
Rock
crystal
|
Slocum stone glass |
۷ ( ܹ鼮, ټ ӱ) |
(glass) ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ,
imitation opal). ̱ John Slocum ߵǾ.
ܹ鼮(opal) Ϲ, ܹ鼮(black opal), ߽ĭ
ܹ鼮(Mexican opal) ͵ ִ.
۷ (cellophane)
ʸ(film) ټ ־
Ȯ ִ.
ܹ鼮(water opal) .
, (cellophane) Ȯ ִ(þ
).
ռ
(~,
assembled stone) 2. Ư >>> 127. Opal
|
Smaragdite
|
Ʈ
|
켶(). ⼮(,
actinolite)
() Ѵ. , (emerald),
ũο(fuchsite)
̷ θ
Ѵ.
|
Smithsonite |
ɾƿ() (̽ҳƮ) |
2.
Ư >>>
64.
Smithsonite
|
Smoky quartz |
() (Ű ) |
ڿ (quartz)
̴.
2. Ư >>> Brown
Quartz |
Smoky
topaz
|
Ȳ() (Ű
)
|
Ȳ(topaz).
κ (smoky
quartz) ̷ θ ִ.
2.
Ư >>>
78.
Topaz
|
Snowflake obsidian |
ö õ
( 伮, ~) |
Flowering obsidian( 伮)̶
ϴµ, (snowflake) ,
Ϲ £ ( Ǵ ) ȭ(volcanic glass=>伮(,
obsidian)̴.
2. Ư
>>> 128.
Obsidian |
Soapstone |
|
Steatite(,
)̶ ϴµ, ,
Ǵ ȸ ִ ̼(ڰأ,
fine-grain) (ܨ,
metamorphic rock)̴.
⸧(greasy) (soap)
ϰ ־ ̸ ٿ.
߰ߵȴ. κ Ǿ Ծ Դµ,
Ի(figurine), (bead), (seal),
, (pipe), ⱸ,
ȴ. ȭδ κ Ȱ(talc)(hydrated magnesium
silicate (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2))
̷ ִ. 浵
1-1.5 ( ε巯 鿡
ִ)̸ 2.2-2.8̴. |
Sodalite |
(۰ӹ) (ҴƮ) |
, ȸ, ȫ Ǵ (streak) £ û (mineral)̴.
ûݼ(lapis
lazuli) ̴. Ϲ ǰ ִµ, ûݼ(lapis
lazuli) ϰ ϴ ִ .
̶ λ ,
ִ.
-
: , ϰ Ͽ
ȵȴ. (, cleavage) Ƿ, Ư ϴ.
- Ī, ,
и, ǥ : Canadian lapis, ٸճƮ(hackmanite)( ȫ )
- : Sodium=Na( Ϻ), lite=
- 缮, ؾ
: ûݼ(lapis
lazuli)
- ռ
:
- ֿ : Canada, Brazil
κ ִ
(inclusion) 弮(,
feldspathoid)̴.
2. Ư
>>> 18. Sodalite |
Spanish pearl
|
λ (~ߧ ) (дϽ
۾)
|
ī ۾(Majorca pearl,
) |
Spanish topaz
|
дϽ
(, )
|
Orange topaz Ѵ. (,
smoky quartz) Ͽ ΰ
Ȳ .
2. Ư >>> Brown
Quartz |
Specular hematite |
ŧ ŸƮ (ö, ) |
ö(,
hematite)
2. Ư
>>> 66. Hematite |
Spectrolite |
ƮѶƮ (ȸ弮, ) |
Finland ȸ弮(,
labradorite)(弮(), plagioclase feldspar)
ٸ ̸̴. , Ϲ
, û, Ǵ ¦̴
(iridescence)
(flash) - 弮 ( ,
labradorescence) -
dz ȸ (mineral)̴.
(٥,
translucent)̴. Spectrolite
¦̴ ε巯 ϱ
Ͽ Ϲ ϰ ȴ. ȸ弮(,
labradorite)߿, 弮 ( ,
labradorescence) ϰ Ÿ "ƮѶƮ" Ī ȴ.
弮 ( ,
labradorescence) Ʈ(spectrum) Ÿ(û
) 쿡 Ī ̿ϴ ѵ, δ Ȯ Ǿ
̿ǰ ִ 찡 ǻ̴.
ȸ弮 綳
2.
Ư >>>
121.
Labradorite
|
Spessartine garnet |
(~״) (縣ƾ ) |
縣ŸƮ(spessartite) ϴ (
)
(״,
garnet)̴. (crystal)
(٥,
translucent)̴.
2.
Ư >>>
6.
Spessartine |
Sphalerite |
ƿ() (ӷƮ) |
Zinc
blende .
2.
Ư >>>
15.
Sphalerite |
Sphene |
(ʼ, )
|
ŸϳƮ(titanite) ϴ ,
Ȳ, , Ǵ
(sphene̶ ⸦ ϴ ̴)
ȴ. ε巴
Ǵ 幰.
(, streak) Ѵ.
2.
Ư >>> 101.
Titanite |
Spinel |
÷ () (dz) |
ȸü (octahedral crystal) ̷
ܴ ݱͼ(,
semi-precious stone)̴. ÷
Ȳ ִµ,
ȫ(ruby)
Ҵ. ÷ 弮(,
feldspar) (, species) Ѵ.
- : 1.718
(û, ο .
ִ 1.735)
- : 3.60 (и ̵̾(methylene iodide) ɴ´)
-
: Ư .
- ,
:
Almandine spinel : ֺ
Balas ruby : ÷
Chlorspinel :
Flame spinel : ÷
Gahnospinel : û Rose
spinel : , ֻ ÷
Pleonaste :
÷. ÷ óƮ(hercynite) ߰ .
Rubicelle : Sapphire
spinel : û
- : Ȯ
, ϴ.
Spina(Latin). ó
. ϹǷ.
Ȥ spark() ǹϴ
Ѵ. ̳ () Ѵ.
- ó :
- ź :
- 缮, ؾ
: ռ ÷, ռ ÷
ߺӵ(synthetic spinel
triplet).
- ռ
: .
ȭ(flame
fusion) ̿
. (flux) , û.
- :
Myanmar
(Ư ÷), Sri Lanka, Thailand
- Ÿ : () ÷ (spinel
twin)(̾յ ڸ, ̸
macle(Ŭ)
Ϲ̴. ̰ ̸, ϰ ÷ ̴.
÷κ Ǵ ȸü
(x60 : Ͻþ )
Mogok
÷
Cobalt
spinel û ÷ ö (), 幰 cobalt ϴ 찡 ִ.
̰ ڿƮ dz(cobalt spinel)̶ θ,
αⰡ ִ.
÷
(spinel group) 2.
Ư >>> 16.
Spinel 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Spinel group |
÷ () (dz ) |
XY2O4
ϴ (cubic system) . ÷
شѴ. ÷(, spinel)迭(series), ö(,
magnetite)迭, ũö(~, chromite)迭 , ϰ迭
ü(ͳ) ̷ ܼ 幰.
, ÷(spinel) ƿ
÷(, gahnite) ü gahnospinel ҷ ϳ (, species)μ ٷ 쵵
.
Ϲ ÷
(Normal Spinel Structure)
÷(,
spinel)迭
ö(,
magnetite)迭
ũö(~,
chromite)迭
÷ (Inverse Spinel Structure, Ferrite
ϰ)
ö(,
magnetite)迭
- ö()(magnetite)
: Fe3O4
- ű״ϼƮ(magnesioferrite)
: MgFe2O4
- Ʈ(jacobsite)
: MnFe2O4
- ﺸdz(ulvospinel)
: FeAl2O4
- ƮƮ(trevorite)
: NiFe2O4 South
Africa
Transvaal .
|
Spinel twin
|
÷ ( ) (dz
Ʈ)
|
Macle(Ŭ,
÷ ) |
Spodumene
|
ּ ()
|
2.
Ư >>>
99.
Spodumene |
SS |
|
SS (,
sterling silver) . |
Stalactite
|
() (緢ŸƮ)
|
ȸ ӿ ƴ̳
鿡 ȯϴ ϼ ۿ
ؼ , õ忡
ִ ź꼮ȸ ħؼ
̴. , ̰ ٴڿ
(stalagmite)
Ѵ.
|
|
|
ּ(,
diopside) 2.
Ư >>>97.
Diopside
|
Star garnet |
ä (״) (Ÿ ) |
ä(,
asterism) Ÿ ٸյ(almandine,
ͼ)̴. ٸյ £
(garnet)̴.
2.
Ư >>> 7.
Almandite |
Starlite
|
ŸƮ (dzڼ,
)
|
û dzڼ(zircon)
Ѵ.
2.
Ư >>>
25.
Zircon
|
Star of Africa |
Ÿ ̾յ |
ø ̾յ(Cullinan diamond) |
Star of India |
Ÿ ε (û, ) |
Ŵ û ä
û(, star sapphire),
563.35 ij(carat)̴.
ij(cabochon)
Ǿ. û(sapphire) Sri Lanka
߰ߵǾ(¥ ˷ ʴ).
屳 London , 1905濡
Albert Ramsay Ͽ.
̱ ڿ ڹ(American Museum
of Natural History Ǿ ִ.
2.
Ư >>>
54.
Sapphire |
Star of Sierra Leone |
Ÿ ÿ (̾յ) |
1972
2, Sierr Leone Diminco꿡 ߰ߵ
̾յ(diamond)̴.
߰ Դ 968.90 ij(carat)̾.
Harry Winston ߴ. ״
̰ 17 ߴ; 13
(flaw)
. ִ
ִ 143.20 ij(carat)̾.
ְ ģ , ״
53.96 ij(carat)
ݿ(pear) 翬ϵ
Ͽ.
2.
Ư >>>
4.
Diamond
|
Star of the South |
Ÿ 콺 (̾յ) |
South
America ߰ߵ ִũ(254.5 carats)
̾յ(diamond)̴. 1853 Brazil Bagagem Diamond꿡
߰ߵǾ. ̰ Amsterdam Costers
35,000$ ȷ 128.48 ij(carat)
Ǿ. ̰ Paris
Halphen & Associates
Ͽ Star of the South Ͽ.
Ÿ Ͽ, 1862 Londonȸ
1867 Paris ߴ.
India Bombay Rustomjee Jamsetjee
ڷ ˷ ִ. Estrela do Sul
Diamond Star of Minas Diamond Ѵ.
2.
Ư >>>
4.
Diamond |
Star
quartz
|
ä () (Ÿ
)
|
(quartz)
ӿ ħ
ԵǾ ִ Ѵ. ٱ
ä û(star sapphire) Ƿ
ä δ.
2.
Ư >>>
45.
Quartz
with inclusions
|
Star ruby |
äȫ() (Ÿ ) |
ij(cabochon)
ϸ, 6 ä(,
asterism) Ÿ ȫ(ruby)̴.
迡 ū äȫ 2.475 ij(carat)
ڶƮ(Rajaratna)̴. 迡
ū ä(12 ä) ȫ
1,370 ij Neelanjali̴. ó
κ äȫ ռ(,
synthetic)̴.
2.
Ư >>>
53.
Ruby 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Star sapphire |
ä
û() (Ÿ ̾) |
ij(cabochon)
ϸ, ݻϴ 6
ä(,
asterism) Ÿ û(sapphire,
) Ų. ǿ
äû(Linde
star) 1947 Linde翡 ߴ.
ó κ äû ռ(,
synthetic)̴.
Smithsonian Institute
ִ Sri Lanka û (Star of Bombay,
182 ij(carat))
2.
Ư >>>
54.
Sapphire 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones)
|
Staurolite |
ڼ() (ѶƮ) |
2.
Ư >>>
93.
Staurolite
|
Steatite |
() (ƼŸƮ) |
(soapstone)
|
Sterling |
() (Ż) |
(,
fineness) 925 , (silver)
925/1000(Ǵ 92.5%) 75/1000(Ǵ
7.5%) ̴ ( Ҽ
浵 Ѵ). ()
(,
malleable) . Trifari
ν(rhinestone)
ִ ŵ(bow)̴.
2.
Ư >>> 2.
Silver |
Strass |
(()) (Ʈ) |
(gemstone)
(ټ,
imitation)ϱ Ͽ ݻ
(glass)̴.
ν(rhinestone)
Rhine (quartz)̾.
ϱ Ͽ Ǿ.
̸ ϼ , ,
浵 . |
Strawberry quartz |
(~) (Ʈκ ) |
ħö(goethite)
(inclusion) ؼ, Ÿ (,
quartz), Ʈκ ̶ ̸ Ǹŵǰ ִ.
ϰ
̶ ιޱ .
2.
Ư >>> 45.
Quartz
with inclusions |
Strontium titanate |
ƮƼ ŸƮƮ |
̾յ(diamond) () .
л(ߤ,
dispersion) Ư¡, ̾յ庸 ϰ, ȴ.
strontium titanateκʹ
. ߾κ
ŧ(culet) ۺ(pavilion) нƮ(facet) ɼ κ.
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Sugar bead |
|
(Ψأ, granulated sugar) ձ۰
̴ (bead)̴;
ǥ ˵
(Ǵ ÷ƽ)̴. (glass)
ȭ 20 ʿ
Gablonz
Ϻ . |
Sugilite |
Ʈ |
߰ £ ֻ(ȫ , ִ) ݱͼ(,
semi-precious stone)̴. ν (luster)
ִ Ϲ ϸ(
(٥,
translucent) ִ) ,
ȫ (inclusion)
־ ġ ֻ Ű(turquoise)
δ. Ϲ ,
нƮ(facet)
ʴ´. ȭ(enhance)
(,
massive) ߰ߵȴ.
- 浵 :
5.5-6.5
- :
2.75-2.80
- ȭ :
Potassium Sodium Lithium Iron
Manganese Aluminum Silicate; KNa2Li3(Fe, Mn, Al)2Si12O30
- :
1944
߰ Ϻ
Ken-ichi Sugi ̸ ٿ.
- :
Ϻ
Shikoku, Iwagi Island
Canada, Quebec Mont Saint-Hilaire ִ뱤 northern South Africa
ִ.
|
Sunstone |
弮() () |
ȸ弮(, oligoclase) (ܨ)
彺(aventurine feldspar)
Ѵ.
2.
Ư >>> 120. Oligoclase |
Swiss lapis |
ǽ (, ܡ) |
ûݼ(lapis
lazuli) ƴϴ. ûݼ
(ܡ,
jasper)̴.
2.
Ư >>> 50.
Jasper |
Synthetic alexandrite |
żƽ ˷Ʈ (ռ ݷϼ, ) |
õ() ˷Ʈ(alexandrite)(ݷϼ,
chrysoberyl) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
(flux), (pulling) .
Ϲ ⱸ õ ˷Ʈ Ȯ ˻.
(flux) (platinum) ϸ ϱ
, ռ ߿ ()Ͽ, (, ﰢ )
Ǵ ħ() (inclusion)μ
Ǵ 쵵 .
Ʒ κ Ȯ .
ռ ȿ ش.
. õ Ư¡ ȭö(߫) 迡 , ǥ ϰ, ü ĺ Ư¡̴.
ħ() (Russia (flux)
ռ ˷Ʈ/x60 (۰٥))
2.
Ư >>>
79.
Chrysoberyl 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic cubic zirconia
|
żƽ ť ڴϾ (ռ
ť ڴϾ, ~)
|
Cubic zirconia 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic diamond |
ռ ̾յ( ~) (żƽ
̾յ)
|
õ() ̾յ(diamond) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
츮 Ƹ ʰ ̿Ͽ ֹ web
contents
̴. (,
quartz) (,
chalcedony), Լ(Ш,
quartzite) Լ(Щ, silicon)
ڿ, Ҽ ְ, ҷ ŴϾ(germanium) Ͽ(
) .
ü ϳ ̴. 迡 ־, , ǰ ռ ̾յ带 迡 ó ,
Ǹ Ϸ ˷ ִ. 뵵 ߸
̷ ϰǰ ̴. ĭ ռ ̾յ̴.
Ǵ ̳ ̼ڼ(ڰأ,
grain line), ռ ̾յ ĺ Ư¡ ϳ̴.
ð ¶ ǥȴ. ̰ ǰ õ ̾յκʹ µ, ռ ̾յ忡
Ϲ
(,
crystal habit), Archimedes 14ü ϰ ִ.
2.
Ư >>>
4.
Diamond 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic emerald |
ռ()
(żƽ ӷ) |
õ() (emerald) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
(flux), (hydrothermal) .
õ Ȯ ˻.
ۿ () , , , ( ռ õ
Ͽ ̼ϰ ٸ).
ȿ ִ (flux) (inclusion) Chatham(̱
California) ռ.
2. Ư
>>> 28.
Emerald 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic malachite |
ռۼ() (żƽ
ȷīƮ)
|
õ() ۼ(,
malachite) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
Tyrus翡 ռ 弮 ǥ.
õ иϰ ٸ, (Ԭ) Ÿ ִ.
2.
Ư >>>
108.
Malachite
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic moissanite |
ռ ̻糪Ʈ (~) |
μ Ϲ ռ ̻糪Ʈ(moissanite), 1997 ̷, ̾յ(diamond) 缮(,
simulant)μ 忡 ϰ ִ.
Ư 1998 忡
ϰ ִ. , (, center stone) 3 ij(carat) ռ ̻糪Ʈ ̿ (,
side stone) õ ̾յ带
̾յ μ Ե ִ. 1998 뿡 ռ ̻糪Ʈ, ̾յ ϴ
20 ̻ 濡 ƴ . ״ ռ ̻糪Ʈ ϸ鼭 Ǹϰ ־.
ռ Ư
߿, Ưؾ ſ
(α)̸, , ̸ ̾յ ͷδ
. Cree Research, ǸŴ ȸ C3(1999 , Charles & Colvard ȸ ) ǽϰ ִ.
ռ ̻糪Ʈ ִ, ̺ ħ .
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic opal |
ռ ܹ鼮(ӱ) (żƽ ) |
õ() ܹ鼮(ӱ,
opal) ⺻ ȭ , ().
Kyocera, Gilson ֿ . õ Ȯ ˻簡 .
Ǻ(snake skin), ֱ(ϰ) ǥϴ Ư¡ Ǹ ռ ܹ鼮̴.
̿ܿ, α(,
phosphorescence) Ǹ õ
ܹ鼮, õ ܹ鼮 α Ÿ ƴϴ.
ռ ܹ鼮 κ ֱ ִ(Kyocera
ռ ܹ鼮).
Ǻθ ø ϴ
snake skin.
ܹ鼮(ټ ӱ, imitation opal) 2.
Ư >>>
127.
Opal 3. ս Ǻ
>>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets) 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones)
|
Synthetic ruby |
ռ ȫ() (żƽ ) |
õ() ȫ(,
ruby) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
ټ ϰ , 뷮 ȭ(flame
fusion) ̴. ۿ (flux), (hydrothermal), (pulling)
ִ.
1886 ȫ
ϱ Ͽ ȭ(flame fusion
process) ߸ Ҷ ȭ Auguste
Verneuil ؼ ó .
ȫ̾, ʾҴ.
1918 J. Czochralski
ȫ (pulling
method) ߸ߴ. 1959
, ڿ ̴, Carroll
Chatham ռ ȫ ߸Ǿ. 1979
Kashan ռ ȫ ߴ.
ȭ
ռ ȫ(Ͻþ )
2.
Ư >>>
53.
Ruby 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic rutile |
ռ ȫ() (żƽ ƿ) |
̾յ(diamond) 缮(,
simulant). ̾յ庸 л(ߤ,
dispersion)( Ʈ) Ư¡̴.
õ ȫ(rutile) , Դ ö(,
hematite) ϰ ϴ ݼӼ
(metallic color) ϴ.
нƮ(facet)
ŭ ū
ǰ ʴ.
- :
- ȭ : TiO2
- : 2.616-2.903
- 浵 : 6-6.5
- : 4.26
- : (pulling), ȭ(flame
fusion)
̾յ ռ ȫ (,
doubling) л(ߤ,
dispersion).
л Ÿ ռ ȫ(3.55
ij(carat))
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
Synthetic sapphire |
ռ û() (żƽ ̾) |
õ() û(,
sapphire) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
ټ ϰ , 뷮 ȭ(flame
fusion) ̴. ۿ (flux), (hydrothermal), (pulling)
ִ.
ռ û (Ѩ,
gas bubble) 2.
Ư >>>
54.
Sapphire 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones)
ȭ(flame
fusion) ռ û(þ ).
η (,
color banding) ռ û̶ Ű ȴ.
Ʒ Ǵ η (curved color banding) (melt)
ռ ɼ
ִ. õ û ʱ , ̰ Ǿ 쿡 ռ Ű ȴ.
õ û Ϲ , Ȥ ()
ִ.ٸ, (solution) ռ õ 밡
ɼ , ϼ ܼ ִ. Ʒ Ȯ ΰ, Ʒ Կߴ.
̷ þ
(bright field illumination)̶
θ.
|
Synthetic sapphire/
strontium titanate doublet |
ռ û/ƮƼ ŸƮƮ ӵ |
̾յ(diamond) 缮(,
simulant). ƮƼ ŸƮƮ(strontium titanate) ϱ Ͽ, ο
ռ û(synthetic
sapphire) Ų
(ռ
(~), assembled stone)̴.
ռ Ϲ и Ÿ.
̿ ΰ ΰ ռ û(sapphire),
Ϻΰ ƮƼ ŸƮƮ.
ӵ(doublet) 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) 3. ս Ǻ
>>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets) |
Synthetic
spinel/ strontium titanate doublet
|
ռ ÷/ƮƼ ŸƮƮ ӵ |
̾յ(diamond) 缮(,
simulant). ƮƼ ŸƮƮ(strontium titanate) ϱ Ͽ, ο
ռ ÷ Ų
(ռ
(~), assembled stone)̴.
ռ Ϲ и Ÿ. ̿
ΰ ΰ ռ ÷(spinel),
Ϻΰ ƮƼ ŸƮƮ.
ӵ(doublet) 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) 3. ս Ǻ
>>> - / ӵ (Composite stones - Doublets and triplets)
|
Synthetic stone |
ռ() (żƽ ) |
õ() ⺻ ȭ (ڪ).
7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones)
|
Synthetic turquoise |
ռ Ű( ~) (żƽ ) |
õ() Ű(turquoise) ⺻ ȭ , (̿).
Gilsonǰ ϴ.
õ Ȯ ˻.
Cream of wheat, breeding Ư¡ Ǵ ᰡ ȴ.
- Cream of wheat
̱ Ϲ ħ Ļ, cereal(ø) κ ̸
ٿ. Ģ Ҹ(أ) þ
Ÿ, ռ
Ÿ ǥ̴. Tapioca(ǿī) ȿ Ѵ.
- Breeding
ռ Ű Ƽ(,
matrix)(Ű ٰ~) װ Ѵ.
ᰡ
breeding̶ ǥϸ ռ Ÿ ǥ̴.
- κ(undercutting)
Ƽ Ű Ͽ ڶ. Ƿ,
߿ Ƽκ ų, Ǵ
ִ. , ǥ, Ƽκ ǫ ̰ ȴ. ̰ κ̶ Ѵ.
ռ Ű
Ƽ ϱ κ ʴ´.
ռ Ű Ÿ ǥ,
cream of wheat. ణ û δ(x60).
2.
Ư >>>
122.
Turquoise 7.
ռ (Synthetic
& Simulant Gemstones) |
|