ڷ >>>  >>> 22. (Pearl, )

 

1) (History and Lore)


ǥ

ó ֵ κ ߱ ĵǴµ, õ ο ֳ ų 1,200 ̻ ֵ Ѵ. ̵ Ŀٶ ֵ ٴ 1 ҿ 10,000 ұ ִ. ũ, , (luster), (shape) ¦(match) ݿ ش.

ٴ ڿ Ϻϰ ݺǴ ϳ (pearl) ̷ ̻ ̴. Ȯ ִ (cut), н(faceting) Ǵ ä ׵ ´. ׸, ϳ Ǵ Ϻ ޸, ֵ κп ڻϴ ü ȿ Ѵ. ׵ (bay), Ա, ˵ ȯʵӸ ƴ϶, ȣ, , õ 鿡 ´. 

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700 ̻ õֵ 16 Russia 𸶸(Madonna) Ʊ ȭ ϰ ִ. 1900 ʿ ϱ ֵ õ̾, ϰ ġ ־.

(Queen of Gems) ˷, ֵ ó ڵ ˰ ͺ ξ پѴ ŷ ϰ ִ. ô븦 Ʋ, ¦ ̷ (sphere) ̷ õ(natural pearl) (necklace) ġ ̾µ, ǻ, 迡 ̴. 츮 ֵ 鿡 μӵǴ Ŀǰ, ĵμ Ѵ. 1900 ʹ (cultured pearl) âDZ , õֵ  û ڸ ׵   ִ ϰ ̾. ó 翬ϰ ϴ Ƹ 50 ֵ 16 ġ(40.64 cm) 500 ҿ 3,000 һ̴. ο(Rome) ְ, ֿⰡ ؿ , Ͽ콺(Suetonius) ο 屺 ڸ콺(Vitellius) ڽ Ӵ ֱͰ ȾƼ ڱ ߴٰ .

츮 ֵ Ϸ ߴ ʱ  ̾ ̴.  ֵ ι(freshwater mussel, )鿡 Ѵ. Ǵ ķ äε (oyster)麸 Ⱑ ξ  ü(mollusk) ã Ʋ. Ƹ ־ȣ ⸦ Ŀ ã ̴. м ʴ , ü ȭ ʱ , װ͵ Ƹٿ ϰ ־ Ʋ. ̿밡 ǵ ,  ؾȰü ؼֵ鵵 Ȯϴ.

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ֵ ٴٿ ְ, ̳ н(faceting) ʿ䰡 Ƿ, Ƹ ֵ . ε, ȫ, ī (Caribbean) Ϻ ߰ߵǾ, ؼ õֵ κ Persian Gulf() ߴ. ó ⿡ ׸ڷο(greco-roman)ô Egypt (gold) Ͱ() 2.000 Ǿ. 3 õֵ 2 (rock crystal) ִ. 4 ° ִ Ƹ ġ ̴.

"̱ ù ° " θ 帯 (George Frederick Kunz) 1908 "The book of the Pearl" . ״ ε ؾ   ⸦ Դ ķ 鼭 ߰ ؼֵ Ҽ (luster) Ƹ ó ߾ ̶ ڽ ǰ ߴ.  , ֵ鿡 õ Ⱓ ļ .  ϰ ִ ̰ μ, ֵ ̿ ġ ¡ Ǿ.

ε 缳ȭ鿡 ο빮 ִ.   ȭ żõǴ ҷκ ߴ: ߴ. , ȫ(ruby) ׸ ٴٴ .  ֵ ߰ (Hindu) ũ(Krishna) ִ. ٴٷκ ù ° ״ ڽ  Ǵ̾(Pandaïa) ȥij ׳࿡ װ Ͽ.

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õֵ, ź(great wealth) 17-18   (seed pearl) ̿ õ ǰ ս ϱ Ͽ ε üǾ; 18 ȫ(ruby) Ǵ (emerald) ĵǾ (gold) ٷ ſ. ̵(slide) ȿ ϰߴ.

߱ ֵ ߿伺 Ÿ Ѵ. 23 ŷ(Shu King) ӱ " ֵ ձ ʴ" Ⱑ ˾ȴٰ ִ. (Persia) 赵 õ Ⱓ ִ (page 6-7). Kunz 14 ְ ߴ ̶ָ 긣(Louvre) Ǿ ִ. (Babylon)ձ ֵ (mother of pearl) Ŵ Ǿ. 4,500 񽺸(Bismaya) 㿡 л󰨵 ĵ ߰ߵǾ. Ʈ(Egypt) ȫظ ,  4,200 濡 Ŀ а Ǿ, ֵ ü Ŀ ̷ , Ƹ 5 Persia ִ . , Rome 踦 ϱ Ͽ Ʈ(Egypt) 浹  , ǰ ߿ ֵ ġ ־. ٸ (Julius Caesar) ħ ϳ "ֵ "̾ٴ ̾߱Ⱑ Rome Ҵ. Ǵٸ , 1 ⿡ ϰ(Nile) Rome ó 츮 ظ پѴ ġ ֵ dzϰ ִ Egypt ս ߰ߴ.

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Ͼ ȭ Crown Jewels of Iran 湮ڵ ȯϰ ִµ, Tehran ݰǿ ݸǾ ִ. Persia õֵ ִ ڴ ֵ鿡 ǰ  ĸ ߴ. ߵ, ε Turkey  õֵ鿡 Ͽ Ư Ǹ ǥϴµ, Ƹٿ ̶ ߴ. 19  ̾յ(diamond) ߰ߵ ؼ ϱ , ֵ ߿ ġ Ҵ.

ֵ κ Ͽ ߽ɿ Ͽ. Rome Ͽ Egypt ں پ θ ٴ ȮŽŰ Ͽ, ŬƮ(Cleopatra) ֳ Marc Antony ⸦ ɾ. ϳ (Ǵ ) Rome 屺 . ׳ Ͱ鿡 ִ Ŀٶ  ϳ мϿ ü ־ ̰ Ѽ  ȴ. ¦ (Antony) ڽ -   - ϰ ׳ ¸ ߴ. ø(Pliny) - - ڿ(natural history) ֵ  6,000 ͽ(sesterces)( Rome ȭ) Ǵ 1,875,000 ½(53,154 kg)( ½ 5 ̸, 9,375,000  ̴) ġ ־ٰ ִ.

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ֵ մٿ ִ īƮ(Scot) ޸ (Mary Queen) űε, ׳ 1587 ⿡ ߴ. ׳ Ƹٿ Ŀ(choker) ׳ Scotland ¦ ̷  ۾(blister pearl) .
׳ (rosary)(Ʒ) õֵ ִ.

Ƹ ֵ ְ ݺϿ ϹǷν װ͵ ġ ÷ ̴. ũ̽Ʈ(Christ) Ʃ(Matthew) "õ Ǹ ֵ ã ΰ : ϳ ã ״ ڽ ϰ ִ ȾƼ ָ ." ߴ. Matthew Christ " ֵ ʵ װ͵ տ , ǵƿͼ ̰ ִ. ߴ.

̿ ġ   Ż(Talmud) " ű " ο빮 츮 ٰ´. ׸, μ, ƴ(Adam) ̺(Eve) Ͽ ϳ Ǻδ "ֿ Ƹ" ׸ "ֿ " ų(manna) ִ. (Rabbi) ȭ ֺ(Abraham) Egypt ģ 鿡 Ͽ ϰ ִ.  鿡 ȮϿ µ, ׵ Ǻ, (gold), ܰ ׵ ִ ǵ, ֵ鿡 ؼ . Abraham ׷ ͵ ϰ ̶ Ͽ. ڵ ãƳ, ȿ ΰ ̶ Ͽ, ֵ麸  ͵ . Abraham ⸦ , Ƴ "׸ (Sarah) Ƹٿ ä ؼ  "̶ . : ֵ麸 ġ ִ ̴.

ַ(Arab)ε ֵ鿡 Ŀٶ Ÿ¾. ׵ εŭ 縦 ϰ ִ. ó Arabε (cultured pearl) Ϸ ʴµ, õ(natural pearl)鸸 ¥ ϰ ֱ ̴. ֵ鿡 ׵ ̴ ڶ(Koran) ִµ, Ư õ 翡 ִ: " ֵ ̾(jacinth, dzڼ)̴; ŵ ֵ (emerald)̴; ׸ õ ȯ ֵ, ̾ , (luster) ֵ հ , ź񽺷 ֵ Ƹٿ ó ޴´."

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Ŀٶ õ (baroque) ְ 16 ⸻ Ŵ(pendant) ü ̷ ִ. ձ õֵ Ŵ (enamel) ġ ִ. ļ û ȭ ִ. ħ뿡 Ŀٶ λ (bezel setting) ij(cabochon) ȫ(ruby) ߽ɿ Ŵ޷ ִ ° õְ ԵǾִ.

Rome ֿ 1 ⿡ ٴٶ. ֵ ׷  dzϿ. dz ׻° Ǿ. Rome ڵ īġ(couch) ֵ ׵ (gown)鿡   ž ޾Ƽ ְ ʴܵ ġ ٳ. Įֶ(Caligula) ڽ ̶ Īϰ, ޾־. ׷(Nero) 鿡 ִ Ȧ(scepter) ־. Ȳ Ͽ ϴ ߿,  ī(Seneca) ź ͵鿡 󸶳 ֵ Ŵ޷ȴ Ͽ, "츮 Ӻҵ û ִ Ư ɷ ϰ ִ."

Romeε Ű Ͽ ⿡ ļ 󸶳 ֵ ־ ׵ ߿ 󸶳 ʿ߾ , ǰ ʴٴ 𸥴. ֵ (gold), û(bronze), (crystal gem) Ǵ ٵ (durability) . , װ͵ ε, ü鿡 ؼ . ֵ ߰   ϴ ֻ, ǰμ ⿡ ģ Ⱓ  ַ ¿ 忡 ޷ִ. Ϻ Africa 縷鿡 ߱ Ϻ ֵ(page 4 & 10) Ǿ ִ. κ ȣ븮(Honorius)Ȳ п ߰ߵ ͵鿡 , Rome 12 ⵿ кǾ. ġ Ǵٸ ǰ ջ ʾ, Kunz , ֵ ȭó (luster) ׾־. ּ ս̴.

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Elizabeth Taylor La Peregrina (The Incomparable) ϰ ִµ, ̸ ִ Ҽ ֵ ϳ̴. 1500 Panama ؿ ߰ߵ ̰ 1969 Richard Burton 37,000 ҿ Ͽ. Taylor ߾ Cleopatra Egyptε 麸 õֵ .
Egypt Arab Ǹžڵ Persia ε ֵ ŷϿ. ׸ڷο(greco-roman)ô( 300 ⿡ 300 ), Egypt ڵ ݰ Ͱ Ͽ().

ֵ 絿, ߿ (oyster) ó(bed) (Persian Gulf), (Gulf of Mannar), ȫ ׸ ε Ƿ(Ceylon)( Sri Lanka) ؾ ־. ߱ ֵ ַ 鿡 ݸ鿡, Ϻ õֵ ؼ ؾ Ǿ. õֵ Ҽ κ ۵Ǿ. õⰣ ļ, 3 ߿ ǵ ؼ ̶ ٲپ. ó ̱ ּ ä Ȳ , 3 ߿ 2 ż迡 Ͼٴ λ̴.

İ ÷(Columbus) 쿬 ߰ ôϱ Ͽ , ֿ ִ 鿡 ߴ. Ƹ޸ī 뼭 ؾȿ ִ Ĺ ôڵ ϼ ִ Ҷ Ž谡 ֵ ϰ ִ Ƹ޸ī ֹε ߰ߴ. Ҷ Ohio, Mississippi Tennessee ٴڿ ֵ ߰ߴ. Florida, Mexico, Texas California ߰Ͽ, (Spain) ߾Ӱ Ƹ޸ī ī (Caribbean) ߴ. ߾ Ƹ޸ī 뼭 ؾȵ ε Ƹ޸ī ֹε Ͽ ֵ ij Ͽ ϵ 뿹ȭϿ. پ յ鿡 Ϸ ϴ پ 鿡 ؼ ʹ  µ, ׷ ؼ, ż  " (Land of Pearls)" Ī Ǿ. ̱ װ 2 ǰ ϰ Ǿ. װ ֻ ֵ ؿܱڵ ϰ ִ 忡 ⸧ ξ. ̱ ôڵ ޸, ε ũ ձ ִ ֵ Ҽ ġ ˰ ־. ְ ߺ κ ǰ µ, õǾ ִ , Ϲ, 翡 ؼֵ ߸ Ǻǰ ִ.

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19 ʱ, ü ް Persia εκ õ  ε鿡 ŵ ŵ ڽŵ ȯ ǥ ־. ֵ ο ֱٿ ̱ ca. 1835 (design)( ) ū ߴ.

North America Ŀٶ ֵ鿡 ο ǥ ߴ. ij(Panama) 꿤(Venezuela) ؾȿ ؼֵ ٷ(Bahrain) ֵ ߰, ĶϾ(California) ( ߽ڿ(Mexico) ) ؼ (black pearl) Ÿ ۾(tahitian pearl, )鿡   Ͽ.  忡 ִ ͺ ֵ Spain ߴ. Columbia (emerald) äǸ鼭, Spain ε ο ֵ鿡   (ready buyer) ãҴ.

̷ ֵ ߾ӾƸ޸ī ؿ Ƹ޸ī 鿡 ä ؼ ڿ 1800 ӵǾ. ̱ ȭǸ鼭 Ұ . ֵ ߴ ι(freshwater mussel, ) ó(bed)鵵 ٸ ǰ ֿ ó Ǿ. ̱ 迡 (mother of pearl) ߴ. ߽ Iowa ߸ ÷ƽ(plastic) 忡 ߵ Ƴ 2 , (billions) μ(fastener) ߴ.

1800 Ͽ, ְŷ ϳ Ϻ̶ ݸ ǰ ־. ְŷ â 19 Ĺݿ Ϻ ȣ Ϻؾ л ôϸ鼭 ۵Ǿ. 1900 ʱ, ȣ ̴ ڱ׸ ؾ ŷ Broome 3/4 ̻ ȾҴ. ȣ ŷڵ Ϻ Ǹžڵ ߰ߴ ȭ и û  Ŵ 鿱(silver lip) (gold lip, 鿱) (oyster). äϱ Ͽ ϴ ε ο Ŀٶ  ִ ̾. Ϻ мǰ â Ŀ ־ . Ϻ ־ Ϻ, ȣֿ 籹鿡 ֻ ٲپ ο 踦 âߴ.

쵿 Ƶ ڿŰġ Ű(Kokichi Mikimoto) . ׿ ٸ Ƴ (Ume) - Ͽ 信 ֵ ϰ ϴ - ƹ  ߴ Ͽ. Mikimoto Ƹ 500 ⿡ (page 52), ߱ε ι(freshwater mussel, ) ó 츮 (mabé, ݱ ) ϴ ֺһ(pearl Buddha) Ͽ Դٴ ̴. Tokichi Nishikawa Tatsuhei Mise  ־ ߰ߴٴ 𸣰 ־ Ȯϴ. ü Ǵ (mantle) а(shell) Ǵ ݼ (nucleus) Բ  Ǹ(oyster epithelial membrane)(Ǽ Լ(lip of mantle tissue)) Ͽ, (sac) ϰ . ׷,   (nucleus) Ͽ (nacre) кϹǷν, (cultured pearl) âȴ.

Mise ̽ ٴ÷ 1907 Ư㸦 ޾Ҵ. Ư㸦 ϸ鼭, Nishikawa ڽŰ Mise ߰ߴٴ ˾Ҵ. ŸϿ ڽŵ ߰ Mise-Nishikawa ȭϴ Ǽ Ͽµ, ־ ٽ ǰ ִ. Mikimoto 1896 ݱ(hemispherical) Ǵ ۾(blister pearl) ϴ Ư㸦 ޾ 1908 Ǽ ϴ Ư㸦 ޾Ҵ. ׷, ״ ڽ Ư ȿȭ ʰ Mise-Nishikawa . ׷, ״ ڽ Ư о߸ Ǽ (round pearl) о߷ Ͽ 1916 ⿡ ޾Ҵ.  װ Ҿ Mikimoto Ȯ Ͽ, Mise-Nishikawa Ǹ Ƿν âڵ ϰ µ, Ѱ ׵ 븦 庸ٴ å ð Ϸ ൿ̾.

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1800 , Ƹ Ŵ а õ Ϻ ε ȣ и ã Ҿ 鿴µ, װ ׾. ׷, ׵ ôڴ 翡 Ϻ ߰ . ־ Kokichi Mikimoto() ŷ踦 ٲپ ȴ. ڶȸ ״ ֵ հ, (Liberty Bell) .

  ޾ Mikimoto ϳ ߰߿ Ͽ. Nishikawa (nucleation) ϴ ݸ鿡, Mikimoto , , ̸ Ͽ. ״ ̱ ι(freshwater mussel, ) а(shell)鿡 ߶ (nucleus) , ٴ ߰ߴ. , 1900 ʺ, ̱ а ؼֵ ʰ Ǿ Ծ, ν(wax), (ceramic) ֱٿ ĵ հݵ ֵ ٸ ϰ ִ.

ڽ Ư °, Mikimoto Ŀ ״. ̾ ״ ڽ Ļǰ ֵμ ޱ Ͽ ڵ ε . ۾ڵ , ֿ ȸ Ͽ. Mikimoto ̾ 鰳 Ϻü ؼ, ָ ְ Ǿ. Ѷ ϰ մ ִ Ǿ. õֿ ȴ. ó, , Ϻо ȸ, Ҽ ε Arabε ڿ ã ִ. ֵ, ؼ , ϰ ִ.
 

1) (History and Lore)

  ڷ >>>  >>> 22. (Pearl, )

1) (History and Lore)
2) õ (Natural Pearls)
3) ؼ (Cultured Saltwater Pearls)
4) (Cultured Freshwater Pearls)
5) п а ǰ (Mother-of-Pearl and Shell Products) 

6) (Imitation Pearls)
7) ſ (Buying and Caring for Pearls)
8) ǰ ϱ (Determining Pearl Quality)
9) ǰ ǥ (Cultured Pearls Quality Charts)

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